A sodium–sulfur (NaS) battery is a type of molten-salt battery that uses liquid sodium and liquid sulfur electrodes. This type of battery has a similar energy density to lithium-ion batteries, and is fabricated from inexpensive and low-toxicity materials. Due to the high operating temperature required (usually between 300. Typical batteries have a solid membrane between the and, compared with liquid-metal batteries where the anode, the cathode and the membrane are liquids. The is. During the discharge phase, sodium at the core serves as the, meaning that the donates electrons to the external circuit. The sodium is separated by a (BASE) cylinder from the container of molten. United States pioneered the in the 1960s to power early-model. In 1989 resumed its work on a Na-S battery powered electric car, which was named. The car had a 100-mile driving range,. • • • Pure presents a hazard, because it spontaneously burns in contact with air and moisture, thus safety features are required to avoid direct contact with water and oxidizing atmospheres. 2011 Tsukuba Plant fire incidentEarly on the morning of. Grid and standalone systemsNaS batteries can be deployed to support the electric grid, or for stand-alone renewable power applications. Under some market conditions, NaS batteries provide value via energy (charging battery when. •. News Releases. American Electric Power. 19 September 2005.• LaMonica, Martin (4 August 2010).
