Lithium-ion battery capacity and remaining useful life prediction
Electrochemical model (EM), equivalent circuit model (ECM), and empirical model are typically utilized to prognosticate the capacity or RUL of lithium-ion batteries in the model-based methods .For example, Zheng et al. estimated the capacity using proportional-integral observers based on pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) EM. But the P2D model is greatly